Clear, Carrier and Affected: What Genetic Test Results Mean in Dogs

Illustration explaining clear, carrier and affected dog genetic test results and their meaning for breeders.

Genetic test reports can look deceptively simple. A breeder sees “clear”, “carrier” or “affected” and may be tempted to treat the label as a complete judgement on the dog. It is not. Each result describes the dog’s genotype for a particular tested variant, interpreted under a particular inheritance model. Used carefully, that information can help … Read more